Affirmative Action A Right And A Theory - 2415 Words

Affirmative action has faced much scrutiny in its 53 year history. There has been plenty of praise, and even disapproval from some for this term created by President John F. Kennedy when he enacted Executive Order 10925. He created it in order to address discrimination that had remained prevalent despite the recent civil rights movements, and the promises, made in the constitution. It was not fully in order until President Lyndon B. Johnson brought it into maturity by signing the Civil Rights Act and requiring its laws be obeyed. Johnson declared, â€Å"We seek†¦not just equality as a right and a theory, but as a fact and as a result† (Brunner and Rowen). One of the primary focuses of this new affirmative action policy was on education. The†¦show more content†¦Another reason for its creation was to remedy decades of slavery, segregation and the denial of rights that occurred over one hundred years ago. However, it is important to remember that this type of actio n does not establish equal results, but instead creates equality in that everyone involved will be fairly represented and given the same chance to succeed (The Leadership Conference of Civil and Human Rights). Today, affirmative action still holds the main values it held half a century ago. Affirmative action is necessary in the college admission process for several reasons. Over the past several years this issue has become more prevalent. Often times the people who oppose affirmative action do so based on misconceptions. Whites generally believe that African Americans are as well off as whites when it comes to jobs, incomes, and education among other things (Americans for a Fair Chance). There have been many issues brought to light by several court cases. Some popular cases that have been made popular are the Fisher vs. University of Texas and the Grutter vs. Bollinger case. These cases involved controversy over discrimination and reverse discrimination in the college admissions process. In the 2003 Grutter vs. Bollinger case, the United States’ Supreme Court stated that, â€Å"student body diversity is a compelling interest in affirmative action programs at colleges and universities, given that

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Free Essays

War, by its very nature, is an act that is a display of horror, violence, terror, suffering and most of all death (William Einwechter, 2004). But the question is, can the engagement of a nation in a war be considered just? What exactly is a just war? By definition, a just war is a conflict that is engaged by two nations with a fixed set of rules for combat (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2006). But this exception applies if the two combatants possess similar traits (Philiosophy, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the Christian perspective, war, or the engagement in it, is bound by certain qualifications to make the war devoid of sin (Einwechter, 2004). God Himself has depicted Himself as a warrior, waging wars on the unrighteous (Einwechter, 2004). It would be understood that if warfare is inherently evil, then warfare would not be a correct and accurate depiction of God’s character (Einwechter, 2004). And second, God directly ordered his people to engage in war, to annihilate threats to their country and people (Einwechter, 2004). But to better get a grasp of war, we must include in the two views that are inherent in the decision to see if a war is right or wrong. The pacifist belief holds that all war or the engagement in war is inherently wrong, while the realist belief states that in war, all is fair and right (John Buell, 2002). But the concept of engaging in war cannot be deduced to the superiority of one party over the other in terms of military might (Paul Ramsey, 2002). To Christians, what is made as the case for declaring a war unjust is when the commandment against killing is viewed in a legalistic manner, precluding all other interpretations (Ramsey, 2002). The war on terrorism cannot be viewed therefore as a just and correct conflict (Dale Snauwaert, 2002). Terrorism is not an identifiable enemy, just as what God commanded in the ordering of wars against certain and specific people (Einwechter, 2004). As President Bush’s statement attests, the war is on terrorism, not on a single threat of a nation or alliance (Snauwaert, 2002). The President’s â€Å"war† is not with a terrorist nation, but an ideology, a strategy (Snauwaert, 2002). Secondly, in the Bush war, the threat is not imminent (Snauwaert, 2002). It is what the government calls â€Å"pre-emptive action†, an attack against a perceived, not an actual, threat (Snauwaert, 2002). The mandate for the use of violence, such as in engaging in war, is the prevention of violence, not the spread of it (David Nils Gyllenhaal). Citing from law enforcement, if a criminal will do more harm if he is not killed, then the actions in war is to stop the incidence of a nation’s actions in spreading its violence, and that will take force to accomplish (Gyllenhaal). References Buell, J. (2002). Just war theory and the wars of the 20th century. Retrieved September 24, 2008, from http://www. yale. edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/2002/3/02. 03. 01. x. html Einwechter, W. (2004). A Christain Perspective on just war. Retrieved September 24, 2008, from http://www. visionforumministries. org/issues/ballot_ box/a_christian_perspective_on_jus. aspx Gyllenhaal, D. (n. d. ). Just war theory: a new church perspective. Retrieved September 24, 2008, from http://www. newphilosophyonline. org/journal/data/111a/Gyllenhaal_Article– New_Philosophy_January-June_2008. pdf. Ramsey, P. (2002). The Just War: Force and Political Responsibilty. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield 2002 Snauwaert, D. T. (2002). The Bush doctrine and just war theory. Retrieved September 24, 2008, from http://www. trinstitute. org/ojpcr/6_1snau. pdf. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2006). Just war theory. Retrieved September 24, 2008, from http://www. iep. utm. edu/j/justwar. htm How to cite Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Papers

Analytical Essay on the Story of Tom Brennan free essay sample

Does literature accurately reflect the experiences and concerns of modern youth? â€Å"The Story of Tom Brennan†, reflects modern youth, by relating to situations such as teenagers experiencing loss from accidents whilst one is drunk driving, it is an excellent book for young teenagers to read, they get to understand the authors view on how drunk driving accidents effect families and loved ones so very much. â€Å"Go Ask Alice† is also another fantastic book, written straight from the diary of a young girl that got caught in the drug scene, and unfortunately got caught up in the bad side of it all. The stories we read may be based on real life, true stories, or complete fiction, but they all miss out such vital details to help teenagers be aware of what’s laying ahead of them. Literature of this century does not make teenagers aware of upcoming situations, many of which will be a struggle for them all, but they all need to know they are not alone, and that someone out there, no matter how far across the world has gone through the exact same thing they have, maybe just with different people. We will write a custom essay sample on Analytical Essay on the Story of Tom Brennan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Story of Tom Brennan† accurately covers the emotions that are experienced during the loss and injure of close friends during a drunk driving accident, and as a remorseful thing to say, there are hundreds of thousands of people that would be able to relate to this novel. No one prepares them for the worst 8+ years of their life to come. Sure there’s sex education so you know how everything works, and you get those talks about not to do drugs, drink or smoke, and half of the time everyone just ignores them, but what they really need to be aware of is how horrible life will be for them. They’re going to be happy one day, then everything they’ve worked for will just be destroyed in front of them, they’ll cry for no reason, and they’ll think the world is against them. A teenagers life is always full of dramas, for example: heartbreaks, eating disorders, and the constant five-day a week hell many people know as high school, and unfortunately the literature that is produced today does not cover the vital points that teenagers need to know and understand in order to prepare hemselves with what lays ahead of them, saying this many teenage-directed novels do allow them to understand the pain, heartbreak, and loss that comes along with drink driving and drugs. In some what, todays literature somewhat reflects issues in modern society, just not in the way teenagers need it most in order for them to understand that everything really will be okay for them in the future, but what is covered is still very, very important.