Affirmative Action A Right And A Theory - 2415 Words

Affirmative action has faced much scrutiny in its 53 year history. There has been plenty of praise, and even disapproval from some for this term created by President John F. Kennedy when he enacted Executive Order 10925. He created it in order to address discrimination that had remained prevalent despite the recent civil rights movements, and the promises, made in the constitution. It was not fully in order until President Lyndon B. Johnson brought it into maturity by signing the Civil Rights Act and requiring its laws be obeyed. Johnson declared, â€Å"We seek†¦not just equality as a right and a theory, but as a fact and as a result† (Brunner and Rowen). One of the primary focuses of this new affirmative action policy was on education. The†¦show more content†¦Another reason for its creation was to remedy decades of slavery, segregation and the denial of rights that occurred over one hundred years ago. However, it is important to remember that this type of actio n does not establish equal results, but instead creates equality in that everyone involved will be fairly represented and given the same chance to succeed (The Leadership Conference of Civil and Human Rights). Today, affirmative action still holds the main values it held half a century ago. Affirmative action is necessary in the college admission process for several reasons. Over the past several years this issue has become more prevalent. Often times the people who oppose affirmative action do so based on misconceptions. Whites generally believe that African Americans are as well off as whites when it comes to jobs, incomes, and education among other things (Americans for a Fair Chance). There have been many issues brought to light by several court cases. Some popular cases that have been made popular are the Fisher vs. University of Texas and the Grutter vs. Bollinger case. These cases involved controversy over discrimination and reverse discrimination in the college admissions process. In the 2003 Grutter vs. Bollinger case, the United States’ Supreme Court stated that, â€Å"student body diversity is a compelling interest in affirmative action programs at colleges and universities, given that

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Free Essays

War, by its very nature, is an act that is a display of horror, violence, terror, suffering and most of all death (William Einwechter, 2004). But the question is, can the engagement of a nation in a war be considered just? What exactly is a just war? By definition, a just war is a conflict that is engaged by two nations with a fixed set of rules for combat (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2006). But this exception applies if the two combatants possess similar traits (Philiosophy, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the Christian perspective, war, or the engagement in it, is bound by certain qualifications to make the war devoid of sin (Einwechter, 2004). God Himself has depicted Himself as a warrior, waging wars on the unrighteous (Einwechter, 2004). It would be understood that if warfare is inherently evil, then warfare would not be a correct and accurate depiction of God’s character (Einwechter, 2004). And second, God directly ordered his people to engage in war, to annihilate threats to their country and people (Einwechter, 2004). But to better get a grasp of war, we must include in the two views that are inherent in the decision to see if a war is right or wrong. The pacifist belief holds that all war or the engagement in war is inherently wrong, while the realist belief states that in war, all is fair and right (John Buell, 2002). But the concept of engaging in war cannot be deduced to the superiority of one party over the other in terms of military might (Paul Ramsey, 2002). To Christians, what is made as the case for declaring a war unjust is when the commandment against killing is viewed in a legalistic manner, precluding all other interpretations (Ramsey, 2002). The war on terrorism cannot be viewed therefore as a just and correct conflict (Dale Snauwaert, 2002). Terrorism is not an identifiable enemy, just as what God commanded in the ordering of wars against certain and specific people (Einwechter, 2004). As President Bush’s statement attests, the war is on terrorism, not on a single threat of a nation or alliance (Snauwaert, 2002). The President’s â€Å"war† is not with a terrorist nation, but an ideology, a strategy (Snauwaert, 2002). Secondly, in the Bush war, the threat is not imminent (Snauwaert, 2002). It is what the government calls â€Å"pre-emptive action†, an attack against a perceived, not an actual, threat (Snauwaert, 2002). The mandate for the use of violence, such as in engaging in war, is the prevention of violence, not the spread of it (David Nils Gyllenhaal). Citing from law enforcement, if a criminal will do more harm if he is not killed, then the actions in war is to stop the incidence of a nation’s actions in spreading its violence, and that will take force to accomplish (Gyllenhaal). References Buell, J. (2002). Just war theory and the wars of the 20th century. Retrieved September 24, 2008, from http://www. yale. edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/2002/3/02. 03. 01. x. html Einwechter, W. (2004). A Christain Perspective on just war. Retrieved September 24, 2008, from http://www. visionforumministries. org/issues/ballot_ box/a_christian_perspective_on_jus. aspx Gyllenhaal, D. (n. d. ). Just war theory: a new church perspective. Retrieved September 24, 2008, from http://www. newphilosophyonline. org/journal/data/111a/Gyllenhaal_Article– New_Philosophy_January-June_2008. pdf. Ramsey, P. (2002). The Just War: Force and Political Responsibilty. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield 2002 Snauwaert, D. T. (2002). The Bush doctrine and just war theory. Retrieved September 24, 2008, from http://www. trinstitute. org/ojpcr/6_1snau. pdf. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2006). Just war theory. Retrieved September 24, 2008, from http://www. iep. utm. edu/j/justwar. htm How to cite Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Papers

Analytical Essay on the Story of Tom Brennan free essay sample

Does literature accurately reflect the experiences and concerns of modern youth? â€Å"The Story of Tom Brennan†, reflects modern youth, by relating to situations such as teenagers experiencing loss from accidents whilst one is drunk driving, it is an excellent book for young teenagers to read, they get to understand the authors view on how drunk driving accidents effect families and loved ones so very much. â€Å"Go Ask Alice† is also another fantastic book, written straight from the diary of a young girl that got caught in the drug scene, and unfortunately got caught up in the bad side of it all. The stories we read may be based on real life, true stories, or complete fiction, but they all miss out such vital details to help teenagers be aware of what’s laying ahead of them. Literature of this century does not make teenagers aware of upcoming situations, many of which will be a struggle for them all, but they all need to know they are not alone, and that someone out there, no matter how far across the world has gone through the exact same thing they have, maybe just with different people. We will write a custom essay sample on Analytical Essay on the Story of Tom Brennan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Story of Tom Brennan† accurately covers the emotions that are experienced during the loss and injure of close friends during a drunk driving accident, and as a remorseful thing to say, there are hundreds of thousands of people that would be able to relate to this novel. No one prepares them for the worst 8+ years of their life to come. Sure there’s sex education so you know how everything works, and you get those talks about not to do drugs, drink or smoke, and half of the time everyone just ignores them, but what they really need to be aware of is how horrible life will be for them. They’re going to be happy one day, then everything they’ve worked for will just be destroyed in front of them, they’ll cry for no reason, and they’ll think the world is against them. A teenagers life is always full of dramas, for example: heartbreaks, eating disorders, and the constant five-day a week hell many people know as high school, and unfortunately the literature that is produced today does not cover the vital points that teenagers need to know and understand in order to prepare hemselves with what lays ahead of them, saying this many teenage-directed novels do allow them to understand the pain, heartbreak, and loss that comes along with drink driving and drugs. In some what, todays literature somewhat reflects issues in modern society, just not in the way teenagers need it most in order for them to understand that everything really will be okay for them in the future, but what is covered is still very, very important.

Learning Like This Could Help You Get Way Better Grades

Until recently, many of the resources available to help students boost their grades were difficult to access. Barriers like cost, time, and distance prevented high school and college students from learning efficiently outside of classroom hours. But now, personalized learning is gaining steam - and quickly. Ed-tech organizations are investing heavily in new ways to approach personalized learning, and the amount of money funding these projects is increasing every year. Even Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg is donating a portion of his $45 billion contribution to education to developing personalized learning. Let’s take a look at why personalized learning works and what type of ed-tech you can use to access personalized learning. Why personalized learning works Studies have shown that students who access one-on-one mentoring and use mastery learning perform at an average of 98% betterthan their peers who don’t. In fact, we’ve known this for a long time; Benjamin Bloom produced research outlining the benefits of one-on-one education back in 1984. One-on-one mentoring is key in helping students improve their grades. In this model of learning, students are able to learn more because they can learn at their own pace, use the VARK learning styles that best suit them (visual, auditory, read/written, kinaesthetic), focus on areas of particular difficulty and interest, and form a relationship with their mentor (who could be an accessible teaching assistant on campus or an online tutor). It’s quite difficult for students to completely master a subject while engaged only in traditional high school, or college classroom models. ‘Mastery learning’ refers to spending the time it takes with a mentor, tutor, teacher, or other subject expert in order to fully understand a subject. Students are able to carry on to new course chapters or topics only when they have a perfect, or ‘mastered’, understanding of all preceding material. How to get better grades with online tutoring Online tutoringis one way to access personalized learning that has emerged as a popular go-to for many students across North America over the past few years. Simply put, online tutoring is allowing students to access the best tutors for one-on-one mentorship without barriers of distance and using the most advanced online tools for education. Connecting with a qualified and reputable online tutor on a regular basis provides one-on-one mentorship and mastery learning. In turn, you can expect far better grades than your classmates and more importantly, than your own grades prior to learning one-on-one in a digital classroom.Try online tutoring with Skooli today and get 60 minutes free!

Environment Cleaning Potential of Microorganisms Essays

Environment Cleaning Potential of Microorganisms Essays Environment Cleaning Potential of Microorganisms Paper Environment Cleaning Potential of Microorganisms Paper Bioremediation, a form of biotechnology, involves the use of the actions of microorganisms to aid in the removal of oil spills in oceans throughout the world. In essence, the process of bioremediation takes advantages of the biodegradation capabilities of microorganisms, which pertains to the capacity to break down and utilize various compounds, one of which is petroleum (Congress of the United States [CUS], 1991). Although by definition it is rather simple, bioremediation is not as easy as placing certain microorganism at oil spills. There are three different approaches used in bioremediation depending upon the conditions. The three methods are nutrient enrichment, indigenous microorganism seeding, and genetically altered microorganism seeding (CUS, 1991). In relation to this, the best known microorganisms that degrade oil are from strains of Bacteroides, Cytophaga, and Flexibacter, which are all gram negative bacteria (MacNaughton et al., 1999). The fact that bioremediation is considered as biotechnology is easily proven. Given that the term biotechnology is a generalization of the use and application of organisms and related processes for the benefit of humans, in this case, microorganisms are used to improve the condition of the environment which evidently improves the environment and eventually benefits humans. Due to biotechnology being associated with alterations in known organisms, the public has often been concerned about the negative impacts which biotechnology may bring. In this case, however, the main concern is the possibility that the added microorganisms might alter ecological balance. This is easily refuted as studies have shown that upon clearing the spill, the oil degrading microorganisms become significantly minute in terms of number, hence allowing the natural balance during normal conditions to persist. The only question whether bioremediation may be used is regarding the capacity of the government to provide such solutions. Therefore, in a purely environmental and biological sense, bioremediation is the best and safest possible way of eliminating oil spills in the ocean. References MacNaughton, S. J., Stephen, J. R., Venosa, A. D., Davis, G. A., Chang, Y., White, D. C. (1999, August). Microbial population changes during bioremediation of an experimental oil spill. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65 (8), 3566 – 3574. United States Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. (1991, May). Bioremediation for Marine Oil Spills- Background Paper, OTA-BP-O-70. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved May 14, 2009, from fas.org/ota/reports/9109.pdf.

Causes and Effects of Water Pollution Essay cause and effect paper, e

reason for that is that plastics take four hundred and fifty years to decompose in the water. Also many companies use plastic and people throw it in the waterways. Because water can float and be carried by the wind, it can cause harm to unsuspecting creatures hundreds of feet from where it was originally dumped. Such waste includes bags, bottles, cups, straws, cup lids, utensils, six pack holders, cling wrap, fishing line, bait bags, and floats. The second highest cause of water pollution is ship waste. Ships used to take much garbage with them on their ships and dump them. This was very common until the government took action. They were giving sailors up to one million dollars fines for disposing waste. Because of that, ships now carry less garbage with them. Animals are not the only thing being harmed by water wastes. Fishing lines, rope, and plastic nets are being caught in the rutter and the engine, but the ships are not exactly perfect. The other main cause of water pollu...

Does the implimentation of the national health insurance program in Research Proposal

Does the implimentation of the national health insurance program in Ghana help reduce HIV AIDS which is prevlant in rural Ghana - Research Proposal Example The government marginalizes sex workers as not of interest, therefore the disease is not given the due consideration in the newly democratized stated (Howley, 2010, p. 367). The prevention of HIV/AIDS through behavior modification has been a primary resource for addressing the disease (Howley 2010, p. 186). According to the International Monetary Fund (2006), HIV/AIDS issues are recognized as a threat to the â€Å"socioeconomic development of the country through its potential impact on human capital development, productivity, and social services deliveryâ€Å"(p. 109). In 2006 the following measures were taken in working towards prevention of the disease within the nation of Ghana: The following table shows the number of people who were benefiting from ART as of December of 2006. At that time, there were 50,942 people in need of services with only 7,338 benefiting from art which represents only 14.4% of those in need(International Monetary Fund, 2006, p. 109). Ghana has seen a decline in poverty from 39.5% in the 1998 to 1999 years to 28.5% in 2006 (African Development Bank., & OECD, 2008). In addition, there has been a concerted effort on the part pf the government to address the needs of their citizens in regard to health care. According to former President of Ghana, Jerry John Rawlings, Ghana suffers from a poor system of health care that is lead by a staff of insensitive and unprofessional medical personal and complicated by poor infrastructure and a lack of equipment. The staffs of hospitals are burdened by a lack of everything, thus leaving them jaded and without motivation (Modernghana.com 2010). In addition, the National Health Insurance Scheme that has been put into place is beleaguered by problems and is not providing the much needed services that the people need in order to have adequate health care. The National Health Insurance Scheme is the product of the administration led by John Kufuor. However, one of the exceptions to